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This article details keyboard navigation for people who cannot use a mouse or other pointing device, or who want to use a keyboard as much as possible.
Basic Navigation
Keyboard navigation relies on six main buttons that allow you to move around webpages:
| Action |
Shortcut |
| Move to next interactive element |
Tab |
| Move to previous interactive element |
Shift + Tab |
| Activate elements (links, buttons, etc) |
Return/Enter |
| Activate buttons (pause/play videos, submit forms, etc) |
Spacebar |
| Close opened content (modals, navigation menus, etc) or cancel current action |
Esc |
| Navigate within widgets (tablists, checkboxes within a disclosure button, etc) and around page |
Arrows |
Advanced Navigation
Page Operations
| Action |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
| Print options |
Ctrl + p |
⌘ + p |
| Save page |
Ctrl + s |
⌘ + s |
| Page Setup |
N/A |
⌘ + Option + p |
| Reload page |
F5 or Ctrl + r |
⌘ + r |
| Reload (ignore cache) |
Shift + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + r |
⌘ + Shift + r |
| Stop loading |
Esc |
Esc |
| Open file |
Ctrl + o + Select a file |
⌘ + o + Select a file |
Navigation & Browsing
| Action |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
| Browse items forward |
Tab |
Tab |
| Browse items backward |
Shift + Tab |
Shift + Tab |
| Scroll down |
Space or PgDn |
Space |
| Scroll up |
Shift + Space or PgUp |
Shift + Space |
| Open home page |
Alt + Home |
⌘ + Shift + h |
Window Management
| Action |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
| New window |
Ctrl + n |
⌘ + n |
| Private browsing |
Ctrl + Shift + n |
⌘ + Shift + n |
| New tab |
Ctrl + t |
⌘ + t |
| Close tab |
Ctrl + w |
⌘ + w |
| Close window |
Ctrl + Shift + w |
⌘ + Shift + w |
| Minimize window |
Alt + Space + n |
⌘ + m |
| Hide browser |
N/A |
⌘ + h |
| Quit browser |
Alt + F4 |
⌘ + q |
Bookmarks
| Action |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
| Save as bookmark |
Ctrl + d |
⌘ + d |
| Save all tabs as bookmarks |
Ctrl + Shift + d |
⌘ + Shift + d |
Text & Zoom
| Action |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
| Zoom in |
Ctrl + + |
⌘ and + |
| Zoom out |
Ctrl + - |
⌘ and - |
| Reset zoom |
Ctrl + 0 |
⌘ + 0 |
| Move to previous word |
Ctrl + Left arrow |
Option + Left arrow |
| Move to next word |
Ctrl + Right arrow |
Option + Right arrow |
| Delete previous word |
Ctrl + Backspace |
Option + Delete |
